Introduction to 2 Barrel Septic Systems
Building a 2 barrel septic system is an approach to waste management that utilizes two 55-gallon drums. This setup is typically used where conventional septic systems are not viable or as a temporary solution in rural areas. It’s important to follow local health and building codes, as improper waste management can lead to environmental and health hazards.
Understanding Septic System Basics
Before you build a 2 barrel septic system, it’s crucial to understand the basics of how septic systems work. A simple septic system processes and disperses household waste by separating solids from liquids, allowing bacteria to break down the waste, and then dispersing it into the soil for further natural treatment.
Materials Needed for a 2 Barrel Septic System
- Two 55-gallon plastic drums
- PVC pipe (both for inlet and outlet, including a T-shaped baffle pipe)
- Perforated drain pipe
- PVC primer and cement
- Sand and gravel
- Wire mesh or geotextile fabric (optional)
- Concrete for sealing the top (optional)
- Tools for digging
Steps to Build a 2 Barrel Septic System
Here is a step-by-step guide to help you build a basic 2 barrel septic system. Always ensure compliance with local building codes and permit requirements before proceeding.
Step 1: Choose the Location
Choose a site that is at least 50 feet away from your water source to prevent contamination. The ground should be absorbent enough to allow liquids to seep through but not so sandy that filtration doesn’t occur.
Step 2: Dig the Holes
Dig two holes large enough to fit your barrels and deep enough that the tops will be covered by a few inches of soil. Space them apart according to the size of your system design, typically about 3-6 feet.
Step 3: Prepare the Barrels
Drill an inlet hole on the top side of the first barrel where the house waste pipe will enter, and an outlet hole on the opposite side near the bottom to connect to the next barrel. The second barrel should have an outlet hole at the top side for overflow, if needed. Install the PVC T-shaped baffle pipe in the first barrel on the inlet side.
Step 4: Install the Barrels
Place the first barrel in its hole and connect the house waste pipe to the inlet. Ensure it is stable and level. Connect the first barrel’s outlet to the second barrel’s inlet using PVC pipes. Place the second barrel, ensuring it’s stable as well.
Step 5: Connect to the Drain Field
From the second barrel, run a PVC pipe to your drain field or leach field, which should be constructed with perforated pipes surrounded by gravel and perhaps covered with wire mesh or geotextile fabric to prevent soil from compaction or entering the pipes. The drain field is where the final treatment and dispersal of the pretreated wastewater will occur.
Step 6: Backfill and Seal
Backfill the area around the barrels with soil and seal the top. For additional reinforcement, you can pour a concrete slab over the top of the barrels or use plastic lids sealed with waterproof sealant.
Step 7: Maintenance and Monitoring
Regularly check the system for leaks or clogs. Pump out the solids from the first barrel periodically based on usage and size of the system.
Final Thoughts
While a 2 barrel septic system can be a practical solution in certain situations, it is always best to work with a professional or consult local environmental health departments for guidance. Such systems have limitations and may not be suitable for all households, especially those with high wastewater output.
Take care to consider the long-term environmental impact and ensure that the system you build complies with regulations to safeguard public health and the environment.
Disclaimer
This guide is for informational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional advice or consulting the relevant local authorities regarding waste management policies and building regulations.