Getting rid of ferns naturally without the use of chemicals requires patience and persistence. Here are some steps you can follow to remove ferns from your garden or backyard:
Step 1: Physical Removal
Begin by manually removing as much of the ferns as possible. Wear gloves to protect your hands and use a garden fork or shovel to dig around the ferns, being careful to get under their root systems. Gently pull the plants out, trying not to leave any roots behind, as even small pieces can potentially grow back.
Step 2: Smothering
After you have removed as many ferns as you can by hand, you may smother the remaining ones. Cover the area with several layers of newspaper, cardboard, or black plastic. This will block sunlight and prevent the ferns from photosynthesizing, which should kill them over time. Leave the covering in place for several weeks to a few months, depending on the resilience of the ferns.
Step 3: Mulching
Once the ferns are dead, remove the smothering material and cover the area with a thick layer of mulch. Mulch can help prevent any remaining fern spores from germinating. Organic mulches like wood chips or straw are preferable, as they will decompose over time and enrich your soil.
Step 4: Maintain the Area
Monitor the area regularly for any signs of new fern growth. If you see new shoots, remove them promptly by hand before they have the chance to establish themselves. Maintaining the area and removing new growth as soon as it appears is crucial for preventing the ferns from returning.
Step 5: Plant Competing Vegetation
Consider planting other vegetation that will compete with ferns for sunlight, nutrients, and space. Dense groundcovers or plants with thick root systems can be particularly effective at preventing ferns from re-establishing.
Step 6: Natural Herbicides
If the above steps are not completely effective, you may consider using natural herbicides as a last resort. Vinegar or boiling water poured directly onto the ferns can kill them, but take care not to harm desired plants in the process. These methods can affect the soil pH and may be harmful to beneficial organisms, so use them sparingly.
Step 7: Persistence is Key
Be persistent with your efforts. Ferns can be quite resilient, and it may take several seasons to completely eradicate them from your garden. Repeat the steps as necessary and stay diligent in monitoring the progress.
Always be sure to check and follow any local regulations or guidelines regarding plant removal and the use of natural herbicides. Remember that while these methods are natural, they can still have unintended effects on your garden ecosystem.